Nyerere, Mandela and Nigerian leaders: A contrast in leadership
A Nigerian management consultant, Huzaifa Jega in the Nigerian capital Abuja, stated the following in his article, “Nigeria's Mandela Needed,” in the Daily Trust providing a sharp contrast between Tanzania under Mwalimu Nyerere and Nigeria since independence:
“Moral and political evolution happens not just by accident, but also by design. Leadership and policy matter.
After independence, Nigerian politicians consolidated power by playing off tribal divisions. In Tanzania, for instance, Julius Nyerere emphasised a single Tanzanian national identity and the use of a single language – Swahili, even though he wasn’t Swahili himself.
While post-independence Tanzania distributed public investment in education, health, and roads equitably across regions and groups, Nigeria’s regimes brazenly favoured areas chosen through sentimental patronage, where the core of the reigning head of state’s political support is formed. This pattern has been a recurring feature of Nigerian politics. As it is, Southern governors seem to be heading for a showdown against their Northern colleagues over control of the national honeypot from 2023. And it is not head of state’s tribal identity, but rather the institutions under which they operate that explain the pattern.
It is clear that these contrasting approaches affected values and outcomes in Nigeria and Tanzania. Ethnically diverse communities manage to govern themselves better – by raising more money for schools or for water wells – in Tanzania than in Nigeria.
For a prolonged period, since that phenomenon took institutional root arguably after the return of democracy in Nigeria in 1999, Tanzania’s economic growth rates were also faster than Nigeria’s rates, measures of governance and institutional quality consistently better, and national politics far less violent.
A sense of national belonging depends on symbols and shared rituals as much as it does on policies. Leaders can reset citizens’ expectations and build trust. Gandhi hung up his counsellor’s suit, donned the white Hindu garb, and led a 386-kilometre march to the sea to make salt. Nelson Mandela put on the jersey of the Springboks, South Africa’s historically all-white national rugby team, and 65,000 fans chanted his name. There it was: a newly democratic nation united under the banner of equality and mutual respect....
Nations have been deliberately built in the past, and they will be again. Insha Allah. But the task today is much more subtle, difficult, and time-consuming than naive optimists ever guessed. The men – and especially the women – of Nigeria may now have to pay the price. May a Nigerian Mandela, or even Gandhi, come our way sooner than later. Amin.” – (Huzaifa Jega, “Vacancy: Nigeria's Mandela Needed,” Daily Trust, Abuja, Nigeria, 4 October 2021).
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